PART IV · BACKEND
Backend Glossary
Simple English and Chinese explanations for the concepts that make backend systems work.
04 · BACKEND
Topic Glossary
| ENGLISH TERM | 中文 | SIMPLE ENGLISH | 中文小白理解 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Backend | 后端 | The part of software that processes requests, data, and business rules. | 负责处理请求、数据和业务规则的软件部分。 |
| Server | 服务器 | A system that receives requests and provides data or services. | 接收请求并提供数据或服务的一端。 |
| Python | Python | A programming language often used for backend services. | 常用于构建后端服务的一种编程语言。 |
| Framework | 框架 | A reusable structure and set of tools for building software. | 帮助开发者组织和构建软件的一套结构与工具。 |
| FastAPI | FastAPI | A Python web framework for building APIs. | 用 Python 构建 API 的 Web 框架。 |
| Route | 路由 | A rule that connects a request path and method to backend code. | 把请求地址和方法连接到后端代码的规则。 |
| Function | 函数 | A reusable block of code that performs a specific task. | 执行某项具体任务、可以重复使用的一段代码。 |
| Parameter | 参数 | A named value supplied to a function or request. | 传给函数或请求的一个有名字的值。 |
| Validation | 校验 | Checking whether incoming data follows required rules. | 检查输入数据是否符合系统要求。 |
| Business Logic | 业务逻辑 | Rules that decide how the system handles business actions. | 决定系统如何处理业务操作的一组规则。 |
| Service | 服务 | A component that coordinates application or business operations. | 协调完成某类应用或业务操作的软件组件。 |
| Repository / DAO | 数据访问层 | A component that reads and writes stored data. | 负责读取和保存数据的组件。 |
| Dependency | 依赖 | Software or configuration another component needs. | 当前组件运行所需要的其他软件或配置。 |
| Package | 软件包 | A bundle of reusable code. | 一组可以安装和复用的代码。 |
| Environment Variable | 环境变量 | A named value supplied by the runtime environment. | 由运行环境提供的一个命名值。 |
| Configuration | 配置 | Settings that control software behavior. | 控制软件如何运行的一组设置。 |
| Exception | 异常 | An event raised when a program cannot continue normally. | 程序无法正常继续执行时产生的事件。 |
| Error Handling | 错误处理 | Detecting failures and responding safely. | 发现错误并安全、清晰地做出响应。 |
| Logging | 日志记录 | Recording events and context while software runs. | 记录软件运行时发生的事件和相关信息。 |
| External API | 外部 API | An API provided by another system or company. | 由其他系统或公司提供的接口。 |
| Middleware | 中间件 | Code that runs between a request and its handler. | 在请求到达最终处理函数之前运行的代码。 |
| Background Job | 后台任务 | A task that runs outside the immediate request-response flow. | 不阻塞当前请求、在后台继续执行的任务。 |
REMEMBER
Backend in one line
Requests enter through routes, backend code applies rules, and the system returns a result.